MerLean-example

46 Def 14: Gross Code

The Gross code is a specific \([[144, 12, 12]]\) Bivariate Bicycle code, so named because a “gross” is a dozen dozens (\(144 = 12 \times 12\)).

Parameters: \(\ell = 12\), \(m = 6\), giving \(n = 2 \cdot 12 \cdot 6 = 144\) qubits.

Polynomials:

\[ A = x^3 + y^2 + y, \qquad B = y^3 + x^2 + x \]

Logical operators: A convenient basis of logical operators uses the polynomials:

\begin{align*} f & = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^6 + x^7 + x^8 + x^9 + (x + x^5 + x^7 + x^{11})y^3 \\ g & = x + x^2 y + (1+x)y^2 + x^2 y^3 + y^4 \\ h & = 1 + (1+x)y + y^2 + (1+x)y^3 \end{align*}

Then for any monomials \(\alpha , \beta \in M\):

  • \(\bar{X}_\alpha = X(\alpha f, 0)\) are \(X\)-type logical operators of weight 12,

  • \(\bar{X}'_\beta = X(\beta g, \beta h)\) are \(X\)-type logical operators,

  • \(\bar{Z}_\beta = Z(\beta h^T, \beta g^T)\) are \(Z\)-type logical operators,

  • \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha = Z(0, \alpha f^T)\) are \(Z\)-type logical operators.

Definition 1497 Gross Code Parameters
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The parameter \(\ell = 12\) for the Gross code.

Definition 1498 Gross Code Parameter \(m\)
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The parameter \(m = 6\) for the Gross code.

Definition 1499 Gross Code Monomial Set
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The monomial set for the Gross code, \(\mathrm{GM} = M(\ell , m) = M(12, 6)\).

Definition 1500 Gross Code Group Algebra
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The group algebra for the Gross code, \(\mathrm{GGroupAlg} = \mathrm{GroupAlg}(12, 6)\).

Definition 1501 Monomial Shorthand

Shorthand for monomials \(x^a y^b\) in the Gross code group algebra:

\[ \mathrm{mon}(a, b) = \mathrm{monomial}(\ell , m, a, b) \]

where \(a \in \mathbb {Z}/\ell \mathbb {Z}\) and \(b \in \mathbb {Z}/m\mathbb {Z}\).

Definition 1502 Polynomial \(A\)
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The polynomial \(A\) for the Gross code:

\[ A = x^3 + y^2 + y. \]
Definition 1503 Polynomial \(B\)
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The polynomial \(B\) for the Gross code:

\[ B = y^3 + x^2 + x. \]
Definition 1504 Gross Code

The Gross code is a \([[144, 12, 12]]\) Bivariate Bicycle code with parameters \(\ell = 12\), \(m = 6\), and polynomials \(A = x^3 + y^2 + y\), \(B = y^3 + x^2 + x\).

Theorem 1505 Number of Physical Qubits

The number of physical qubits in the Gross code is \(144\):

\[ \mathrm{numPhysicalQubits}(\ell , m) = 144. \]
Proof

Unfolding the definition of \(\mathrm{numPhysicalQubits}\), we have \(2 \cdot \ell \cdot m = 2 \cdot 12 \cdot 6 = 144\), which follows by numerical computation.

Theorem 1506 Number of Left Qubits

The number of left qubits in the Gross code is \(72\):

\[ \mathrm{numLeftQubits}(\ell , m) = 72. \]
Proof

Unfolding the definition of \(\mathrm{numLeftQubits}\), we have \(\ell \cdot m = 12 \cdot 6 = 72\), which follows by numerical computation.

Theorem 1507 Number of Right Qubits

The number of right qubits in the Gross code is \(72\):

\[ \mathrm{numRightQubits}(\ell , m) = 72. \]
Proof

Unfolding the definition of \(\mathrm{numRightQubits}\), we have \(\ell \cdot m = 12 \cdot 6 = 72\), which follows by numerical computation.

Theorem 1508 Number of \(X\) Checks

The number of \(X\) checks in the Gross code is \(72\):

\[ \mathrm{numXChecks}(\ell , m) = 72. \]
Proof

Unfolding the definition of \(\mathrm{numXChecks}\), we have \(\ell \cdot m = 12 \cdot 6 = 72\), which follows by numerical computation.

Theorem 1509 Number of \(Z\) Checks

The number of \(Z\) checks in the Gross code is \(72\):

\[ \mathrm{numZChecks}(\ell , m) = 72. \]
Proof

Unfolding the definition of \(\mathrm{numZChecks}\), we have \(\ell \cdot m = 12 \cdot 6 = 72\), which follows by numerical computation.

Theorem 1510 \(n = 2\ell m\)

We have \(n = 2 \cdot \ell \cdot m = 2 \cdot 12 \cdot 6 = 144\).

Proof

This follows by numerical computation: \(2 \times 12 \times 6 = 144\).

Definition 1511 Polynomial \(f\)
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The polynomial \(f\) for \(X\)-type logical operators:

\[ f = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^6 + x^7 + x^8 + x^9 + (x + x^5 + x^7 + x^{11})y^3. \]
Definition 1512 Polynomial \(g\)
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The polynomial \(g\) for logical operators:

\[ g = x + x^2 y + (1 + x)y^2 + x^2 y^3 + y^4. \]
Definition 1513 Polynomial \(h\)
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The polynomial \(h\) for logical operators:

\[ h = 1 + (1+x)y + y^2 + (1+x)y^3. \]
Definition 1514 Monomial Multiplication

The multiplication of a monomial \(\alpha \) by a group algebra element \(p\) (left multiplication). The map \(\alpha \cdot p\) shifts all monomials in \(p\) by \(\alpha \), defined as \(\mathrm{mapDomain}(\cdot + \alpha , p)\).

Definition 1515 \(X\)-type Logical Operator \(\bar{X}_\alpha \)

For a monomial \(\alpha \in M\), the \(X\)-type logical operator \(\bar{X}_\alpha = X(\alpha f, 0)\), which has weight \(12\).

Definition 1516 \(X\)-type Logical Operator \(\bar{X}'_\beta \)

For a monomial \(\beta \in M\), the \(X\)-type logical operator \(\bar{X}'_\beta = X(\beta g, \beta h)\).

Definition 1517 \(Z\)-type Logical Operator \(\bar{Z}_\beta \)

For a monomial \(\beta \in M\), the \(Z\)-type logical operator \(\bar{Z}_\beta = Z(\beta h^T, \beta g^T)\).

Definition 1518 \(Z\)-type Logical Operator \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha \)

For a monomial \(\alpha \in M\), the \(Z\)-type logical operator \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha = Z(0, \alpha f^T)\).

Theorem 1519 Symmetry: \(\bar{X}_\alpha \) and \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha \)

For any monomial \(\alpha \), the \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha \) operator has zero left polynomial and the \(\bar{X}_\alpha \) operator has zero right polynomial:

\[ (\bar{Z}'_\alpha ).\mathrm{leftPoly} = 0 \quad \text{and} \quad (\bar{X}_\alpha ).\mathrm{rightPoly} = 0. \]
Proof

We prove each conjunct separately. Both hold by reflexivity (definitional equality).

Theorem 1520 Structural Symmetry: \(\bar{X}_\alpha \) and \(\bar{Z}'_\alpha \)

For any monomial \(\alpha \), we have:

\begin{align*} (\bar{X}_\alpha ).\mathrm{leftPoly} & = \alpha \cdot f, \\ (\bar{X}_\alpha ).\mathrm{rightPoly} & = 0, \\ (\bar{Z}’_\alpha ).\mathrm{leftPoly} & = 0, \\ (\bar{Z}’_\alpha ).\mathrm{rightPoly} & = \alpha \cdot f^T. \end{align*}
Proof

This holds by the tuple \(\langle \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl} \rangle \); each component is definitionally equal.

Theorem 1521 Structural Symmetry: \(\bar{X}'_\beta \) and \(\bar{Z}_\beta \)

For any monomial \(\beta \), we have:

\begin{align*} (\bar{X}’_\beta ).\mathrm{leftPoly} & = \beta \cdot g, \\ (\bar{X}’_\beta ).\mathrm{rightPoly} & = \beta \cdot h, \\ (\bar{Z}_\beta ).\mathrm{leftPoly} & = \beta \cdot h^T, \\ (\bar{Z}_\beta ).\mathrm{rightPoly} & = \beta \cdot g^T. \end{align*}
Proof

This holds by the tuple \(\langle \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl}, \mathrm{rfl} \rangle \); each component is definitionally equal.

Definition 1522 Code Parameters Structure
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A structure recording the code parameters \([[n, k, d]]\) of a quantum error-correcting code, where \(n\) is the number of physical qubits, \(k\) is the number of logical qubits, and \(d\) is the code distance.

Definition 1523 Gross Code Parameters
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The claimed parameters of the Gross code: \([[144, 12, 12]]\), i.e., \(n = 144\), \(k = 12\), \(d = 12\).

Theorem 1524 A Gross is a Dozen Dozens

The number of physical qubits satisfies \(n = 12 \times 12 = 144\), i.e., a gross is a dozen dozens.

Proof

By numerical computation: \(12 \times 12 = 144\).

Theorem 1525 Physical Qubits Match Code Parameters

The number of physical qubits \(\mathrm{numPhysicalQubits}(\ell , m)\) equals the code parameter \(n\):

\[ \mathrm{numPhysicalQubits}(12, 6) = 144 = n. \]
Proof

By simplification using the previously established result that \(\mathrm{numPhysicalQubits}(12, 6) = 144\).